Use of selected methods multi-criteria decision

The purpose of multi-criteria decision models is to help decision maker to evaluate each alternative and to rank them in descending order of performance. This study analyses the base of concept of Multiple Attribute Decision Making for using in different areas. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept of multiple attribute decision making. Achieving this purpose, TOPSIS technique is used as decision making tools. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3456

Experimental demonstration of an isotope-sensitive warhead verification technique using nuclear resonance fluorescence

Future nuclear arms reduction efforts will require technologies to verify that warheads slated for dismantlement are authentic without revealing any sensitive weapons design information to international inspectors. Despite several decades of research, no technology has met these requirements simultaneously. Recent work by Kemp et al. [Kemp RS, Danagoulian A, Macdonald RR, Vavrek JR (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:8618--8623] has produced a novel physical cryptographic verification protocol that approaches this treaty verification problem by exploiting the isotope-specific nature of nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) measurements to verify the authenticity of a warhead. To protect sensitive information, the NRF signal from the warhead is convolved with that of an encryption foil that contains key warhead isotopes in amounts unknown to the inspector. The convolved spectrum from a candidate warhead is statistically compared against that from an authenticated template warhead to determine whether the candidate itself is authentic. Here we report on recent proof-of-concept warhead verification experiments conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, we measured NRF spectra from the interrogation of proxy 'genuine' and 'hoax' objects by a 2.52 MeV endpoint bremsstrahlung beam. The observed differences in NRF intensities near 2.2 MeV indicate that the physical cryptographic protocol can distinguish between proxy genuine and hoax objects with high confidence in realistic measurement times.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures; revised for peer review and copy editing; addition to SI for realistic scenario projections; minor length reduction for journal requirement

High-accuracy Geant4 simulation and semi-analytical modeling of nuclear resonance fluorescence

Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a photonuclear interaction that enables highly isotope-specific measurements in both pure and applied physics scenarios. High-accuracy design and analysis of NRF measurements in complex geometries is aided by Monte Carlo simulations of photon physics and transport, motivating Jordan and Warren (2007) to develop the G4NRF codebase for NRF simulation in Geant4. In this work, we enhance the physics accuracy of the G4NRF code and perform improved benchmarking simulations. The NRF cross section calculation in G4NRF, previously a Gaussian approximation, has been replaced with a full numerical integration for improved accuracy in thick-target scenarios. A high-accuracy semi-analytical model of expected NRF count rates in a typical NRF measurement is then constructed and compared against G4NRF simulations for both simple homogeneous and more complex heterogeneous geometries. Agreement between rates predicted by the semi-analytical model and G4NRF simulation is found at a level of ${\sim}1\%$ in simple test cases and ${\sim}3\%$ in more realistic scenarios, improving upon the ${\sim}20\%$ level of the initial benchmarking study and establishing a highly-accurate NRF framework for Geant4.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, revised for peer revie

Validation of Geant4's G4NRF module against nuclear resonance fluorescence data from 238^{238}U and 27^{27}Al

G4NRF is a simulation module for modeling nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) interactions in the Geant4 framework. In this work, we validate G4NRF against both absolute and relative measurements of three NRF interactions near 2.2 MeV in $^{238}$U and $^{27}$Al using the transmission NRF data from the experiments described in arXiv:1712.02904. Agreement between the absolute NRF count rates observed in the data and predicted by extensive Geant4+G4NRF modeling validate the combined Geant4+G4NRF to within $15$--$20\%$ in the $^{238}$U NRF transitions and $8\%$ in $^{27}$Al, for an average $13\%$ discrepancy across the entire study. The difference between simulation and experiment in relative NRF rates, as expressed as ratios of count rates in various NRF lines, is found at the level of ${\lesssim}4\%$, and is statistically identical to zero. Inverting the analysis, approximate values of the absolute level widths and branching ratios for $^{238}$U and $^{27}$Al are also obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables; revisions after peer review comments, chiefly making the paper more concise and the reporting of results more clea

Physical cryptographic verification of nuclear warheads

How does one prove a claim about a highly sensitive object such as a nuclear weapon without revealing information about the object? This paradox has challenged nuclear arms control for more than five decades. We present a mechanism in the form of an interactive proof system that can validate the structure and composition of an object, such as a nuclear warhead, to arbitrary precision without revealing either its structure or composition. We introduce a tomographic method that simultaneously resolves both the geometric and isotopic makeup of an object. We also introduce a method of protecting information using a provably secure cryptographic hash that does not rely on electronics or software. These techniques, when combined with a suitable protocol, constitute an interactive proof system that could reject hoax items and clear authentic warheads with excellent sensitivity in reasonably short measurement times. Keywords: isotopic tomography; nuclear weapons; disarmament; verificationUnited States. Department of Energy (Award DE-NA0002534

Applications of topsis technique for selecting the most efficient municipality in the selected district in the Slovak Republic

The purpose of multicriteria decision models is to help decision maker to evaluate each alternative and to rank them in descending order of performance. This study analyses the concept of Multiple Attribute Decision Making for using in local government area. The aim of this paper is to analyse the concept of Multiple Attribute Decision Making for selecting the most efficient municipality in selected district in the Slovak Republic. Achieving this purpose, TOPSIS technique is used as decision making tools. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3501